Contrasting Mathematical Phenomena and Concepts in Ethnomathematics through Etic and Emic Approaches: A Study of Dhikr Jahar Practices in Tariqa Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Ma’had Suryalaya
Abstract
Ethno-mathematical research trends pioneered by D'Ambrosio are on the rise, especially in Indonesia as a nation with high cultural diversity which has a lot of potential researches to be explored. This paper has two major objectives, first to explore the importance of the role of mathematics in the practice of Dhikr Jahar in Tariqa Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyyah and second to contrast the differences between mathematical phenomena and mathematical concepts in ethnomathematics research. Attempts to contrast the mathematical phenomena and mathematical concepts in ethnomathematics was expected to provide a sharper highlight in the writing of ethnomathematics research. This research used qualitative methods with two approaches, namely ethnography and phenomenology. The locations of the research are at Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya-Sirnarasa and Padepokan Talangraga Tasikmalaya with observations for 9 months in the first stage and then 6 months in the second stage. The number of respondents interviewed in this research were 48 people. Data processing was performed using the Nvivo 12 Plus. The results showed that there are many mathematical phenomena in the practice of Dhikr Jahar Ikhwan TQN. In carrying out the practice of dhikr, the Ikhwan used a mathematical concept with two events, fingers and prayer beads aids. The concept of counting in dhikr was used strictly by the Ikhwan. They believe that numbers have an important role in the quantity of dhikr. Contrasting mathematical phenomena and mathematical concepts can be done with an emic and etic approach and is expected to become an alternative style in ethnomathematics research.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdussakir. (2014). Matematika dalam Alquran. Malang: UIN-Maliki Press.
Adawiyah, R. (2015). Yasin dan Ismul A’dzam (Nama Allah Yang Teragung). Retrieved 19 January 2021, from https://noternative.blogspot.com/2015/12/yasin-dan-ismul-nama-allah-yang-teragung.html
Al-Khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi. (1985). Kitab al-Jumal Fi al-Nahwi. Muassasah al-RIsalah.
Alviani, H. (2017). Implementasi Ajaran Tarekat Qadiriyah Wa Naqsyabandiyah dalam Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat (Studi di Desa Depok Rejo Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah). Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan.
Amin, S. M., & Haryanto. (2008). Energi Zikir. Jakarta: Amzah. Retrieved from https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/BSt/Publikationen/GrauePublikationen/MT_Globalization_Report_2018.pdf%0Ahttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43447/1/India_globalisation%2C society and inequalities%28lsero%29.pdf%0Ahttps://www.quora.com/What-is-the
Anugrah, R. L., Asrin, A., Musa, F., & Tanjung, A. (2019). Islam , Iman dan Ihsan dalam Kitab Matan Arba‘in An-Nawawi (Studi Materi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif Hadis Nabi Saw.). Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Agama Islam, 9(2), 29–44. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/327227879.pdf
Awan, N. M. (2009). Quran and Mathematics-I. Jihāt Al-Islām, 3(July-December), 39–59. Retrieved from http://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/11-quran-and-mathematics.pdf
Azharini, E., & Nency. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif - Fenomenologi. Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sorong.
Bahri, S. (2019). Fiqh Konseling: Pertautan Trilogi antara Iman, Islam dan Ihsan (TI3) dalam Menjawab Kegelisahan Akademik dan Problematika Pendidikan. La-Tahzan: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, XI(1), 37–51. Retrieved from https://ejournal.ibntegal.ac.id/index.php/latahzan/article/download/7/6
Basri, T., Badaruddin, F., & Mohamad, A. M. (2014). Konsep Zikir Darajah dalam Disiplin Ilmu Tarekat. Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 8(1), 61–72.
Basya, F. (2009). Matematika Islam 3 (2nd ed.). Jakarta: Republika.
Basya, F. (2015). Jelajah Indonesia Negeri Saba’ (1st ed.). Jakarta: Zahira.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Chapter 3: Designing a Qualitative Study. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches, 35–41. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/0957514810010204
D’Ambrosio, U. (1990). Ethnomathematics. Sao Paulo: Edotora Atica.
D’Ambrosio, U. (1998). Ethnomathematics and Its First International Congress. ZDM, 31(2), 50–53. Retrieved from https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-999-0008-8
D’Ambrosio, U., & D’Ambrosio, B. S. (2013). The Role of Ethnomathematics in Curricular Leadership in Mathematics Education. Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, 4(Spring-Summer), 19–25.
Eglash, R., Bennett, A., O’Donnell, C., Jennings, S., & Cintorino, M. (2006). Culturally Situated Design Tools: Ethnocomputing from Field Site to Classroom. American anthropologist. Anthropology and Education, 108(2), 347–362. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2005-4.ch007
El-Bantani, M. S. (2010). Quantum Islam, Iman dan Ihsan (Bentuk Aplikasi Syariat dalam Berkehidupan). Jakarta: Inti Medina.
El Mouatasim, A. (2018). Simple and Multi Linear Regression Model of Verbs in Quran. American Journal of Computational Mathematics, 08(01), 68–77. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcm.2018.81006
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(January 2016), 1–5. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Godina, H., & Rachelle, M. (2000). Emic and Etic Perspectives on Chicana and Chicano Multicultural Literature. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44(2), 172–179.
Hadi, N. (2019). Islam, Iman dan Ihsan dalam Kitab Matan Arba‘In An-Nawawi: Studi Materi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam dalam Perspektif Hadis Nabi Saw. Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 9(1), 1–18. Retrieved from https://ejournal.iai-tribakti.ac.id/index.php/intelektual/article/download/811/606
Hajaroh, M. (2010). Paradigma, Pendekatan dan Metode Penelitian Fenomenologi. Jurnal Ilmiah FIP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.
Halal, R., Aji, S., Masruri, H. M. H., & Rossidy, I. (2014). Khazanah Sains dan Matematika dalam Islam. Salam: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Budaya HukumHukum, 1(1), 155–168. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/lemlit/article/view/2044/pdf
Hoare, K. J., Buetow, S., Mills, J., & Francis, K. (2013). Using an emic and etic ethnographic technique in a grounded theory study of information use by practice nurses in New Zealand. Journal of Research in Nursing, 18(8), 720–731. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987111434190
Kafie, J. (1981). Tuntuna Pelaksanaan Rukun Iman Islam dan Ihsan. Surabaya: Al-Ikhlas.
Kamali, M. H., & Bakar, O. (2016). Islamic Perspectives on Science and Technology. (R. Hashim,Ed.). Singapore, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer. Retrieved from https://doi.org/DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-778-9
Kurniawan, S., & Tijani. (2017). Filsafat Ilmu: Merajut Harmonisasi antara Filsafat, Ilmu dan Islam. (F. Razi,Ed.). Pontianak: IAIN Pontianak Press.
Le Gall, Di. (2005). A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in The Ottoman World, 1450-1700. New York: Suny Press.
Linnaja, N. (2018). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan karakter dalam Ajaran Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah di Pondok Pesantren An-Nawawi Berjan Purworejo. Jurnal Paramurobi, 1(2), 53–64.
Mahmudi, A. (2018). Al-Asma Al-Husna Menurut Thabathaba’i dalam Tafsir Al-Mizan. UIN Walisongo Semarang. Retrieved from http://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/9183/1/114011015.pdf
Majid, N. (1995). Islam, Iman dan Ihsan Sebagai Trilogi Ajaran Ilahi. In B. M. Rahman (Ed.), Kontekstualisasi Donktrin Islam dalam Sejarah. Jakarta: Mizan.
Manshur, S. M. (1925). Sulamun Nayyirain. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5HJlS4OzReiN0gxYjU4aTJXcnc/view
Masood, E. (2009). Science and Islam: A History. Pharmaceutical Journal (Vol. 272). United Kingdom: ICON BOOKS.
Murota, S., & Chittick, W. C. (1997). Trilogi Islam: Islam, Iman, dan Ihsan (1st ed.). Yogyakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Muslim, I. (1992). Shahih Muslim (Jilid V). Beirut: Darul Fikr.
Nindito, S. (2005). Fenomenologi Alfred Schutz : Studi tentang Konstruksi Makna dan Realitas dalam Ilmu Sosial. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(1 Juni), 79–95.
Noegroho, I. R. (2019). Dasar-dasar Memahami Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan. Yogyakarta: Mueeza.
Nurhasanah, S. (2015). Implementasi Metode Zikir untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem (Harga Diri) Remaja di Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Retrieved from http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/40427
Orey, D. C., & Rosa, M. (2015). Three Approaches in The Research Field of Eethnomodeling: Emic (local), Etic (global), and Dialogical (glocal). Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática, 8(2), 364–380.
Pierce, C. S. (1998). The essential Peirce. In The Peirce Edition Project. (C.S. Pierce,Ed.) (Vol. 2). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Pike, K. L. (1967). Language in Relation to A Unified Theory of The Structures of Human Behavior (2nd Ed.). The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton.
Qosim, M. N. (2016). Unsur-unsur Lingual dalam Wacana Wifiq. Jurnal Al-Tsaqafa, 13(1). Retrieved from https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/BSt/Publikationen/GrauePublikationen/MT_Globalization_Report_2018.pdf%0Ahttp://eprints.lse.ac.uk/43447/1/India_globalisation%2C society and inequalities%28lsero%29.pdf%0Ahttps://www.quora.com/What-is-the
Quddus, A. (2007). Islam Multidimensi: Mengungkap Trilogi Ajaran Islam. (F. Dahlan,Ed.) (1st ed.). Mataram: Pantheon Media Pressindo.
Rathony, M. A. (1972). Tiga Serangkai Sendi Agama: Tauhid, Fiqih Tasawuf. Bandung: Alma’arif.
Rozak, L. A. (2015). Sejarah Matematika Didunia Islam. In E. Yulianto (Ed.), Karya Mahasiswa Teori Bilangan (Vol. 1, pp. 186–190). Tasikmalaya: Universitas Siliwangi. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/teoribilangan/artikel-teori-bilangan-karya-mahasiswa-pend-matematika-unsil
Shulthoni, M. (2011). Bisnis dan Tarekat: Studi tentang Kegiatan Bisnis Komunitas Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah, Sokaraja, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah.
Silalahi, M. C. P., Sudarsono, S. C., & Wardani, M. M. S. (2020). Permainan Bahasa dalam Wacana Cocokologi pada Acara “Ini Talk Show” di NET. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan Sintesis, 14(1), 94–108. Retrieved from https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/sintesis/article/viewFile/2530/1845
Sobur, A. (2014). Filsafat Komunikasi (Tradisi dan Metode Fenomenologi). Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Soleha. (2015). Makna Hidup bagi Pengikut Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah di Sukamara Kalimantan Tengah. Teologia, 26(2), 323–346.
Syed Abdurrahman. (1998). Kepentingan zikir dalam mendidik rohani dan jasmani pendakwah. Jurnal Usuluddin, 8(11), 135–144.
Ta’jul Arifin, A. S. (1998). Kunci Pembuka Dada. Batu Caves: Thinker’s Library.
Ta’jul Arifin, A. S. (2009). Kitab Uquudul Jumaan (3rd ed.). Tasikmalaya: PT. Mudawwamah Warohmah.
Tripp‐Reimer, T. (1984). Reconceptualizing The Construct of Health: Integrating Emic and Etic Perspectives. Research in Nursing & Health, 7(2), 101–109. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070206
Wahyudi, A. (2014). Islam, Iman, dan Ihsan. Retrieved 23 December 2020, from http://lazis-sa.org/jurnal-umat-002/
Yulianto, E., Wahyudin, Prabawanto, S., & Tafsir, A. (2020). Some Ethnomathematics Interpretations about the Practice of Dhikr Jahar of Tariqa Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Ma’had Suryalaya. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477(042032), 1–12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1477/4/042032
Zidni, I. (2015). Syarah Uquudul Jumaan. (S.M. Abdul Gaos,Ed.). Jakarta: Sufi TQN.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v12i1.8805
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.